Effective Communication Essay - 1904 Words

Communication is essential for an organisation to operate effectively and efficiently. Effective communication helps to ensure that information is relayed accordingly and accurately within the organisation. If the relay of information is inaccurate, the organisation’s productivity may be affected. This essay will describe the concept of communication in relation to management and explain how effective communication is undermined by barriers such as cultural differences, generational differences and filtering of information by referring to academic literature such as journal articles. Furthermore, an example will be used to explain how managers can increase the productivity and performance of their organisation by developing an effective†¦show more content†¦The reason for this is because, they did not understand the information passed to them by their English speaking co-workers or the English speaking co-workers did not understand their accent (Tagreed 2012). This ma y result in inaccurate information being relayed. Generational Diversity is also a barrier for effective communication as different generations have different ways of relaying and processing information. Tolbize (2008) states that generational diversity has made the workplace more rigid and demanding. The author further states that the four main generations in the current workforce are the Veterans, Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. Kyles (2005) notes that people communicate differently to others even if the difference in age is five years. The Veterans are also known as the traditional generation. The reason for this because the Veterans are strict followers of formality and authority (Tolbize 2008). The author further states that the Veterans and Baby Boomers do not question authority and use formal methods and language when communicating. Generation X and Y are more flexible in their work life (Tolbize 2008). The author notes that they prefer informal communication and do not appreciate authority. These differences may cause a problem in communication as most middle or senior managers are Veterans or Baby Boomers and they would expect their employees to respect authority and communicate formally. Generational diversity also hasShow MoreRelatedCommunication : Effective And Effective Communication818 Words   |  4 PagesEffective communication is an extremely important piece in a business organization. Not only does effective communication increase work flow it also enhances and keeps good morale in the workplace. In effective communication has the reverse effect and can be an anchor on production and workplace morale. According to Rogers,† Communication failures may occur when information is not clear or to complex, which causes problems with information recall. When too much information is given at once, incompleteRead MoreEffective Communication1085 Words   |  5 PagesEffective communication Communication is primarily an exchange of information, ideas, or thoughts. This paper will focus on the process of verbal and nonverbal communication as well as the components of each. It outline the formal and informal channels of criminal channels. This paper will also list the different barriers to effective communication within a criminal justice organization. Finally it will cover strategies that can be implemented to overcome communication barriers within criminalRead MoreEffective Communication1513 Words   |  7 PagesEffective Communication Bryan Walker CJA/304 Version 4 May 5, 2014 There are many aspects to the communication process. It is necessary to take into consideration the definition of communication. Communication has been defined as a process involving several steps, among two or more persons, for the primary purpose of exchanging information (Wallace, 2009). Communication requires transmitting an idea, sending the idea through a medium, receiving the message, understanding the idea, andRead MoreEffective Communication2513 Words   |  11 PagesINTRODUCTION†¦ Communication has existed since the beginning of human beings, but it was not until the 20th century that people began to study the process. As communication technologies developed, so did the theories. Before becoming simply communication, or communication studies, the discipline was formed from three other major studies: psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Psychology is the study of human behaviour, Sociology is the study of society and social process, and anthropologyRead MoreEffective Communication3193 Words   |  13 PagesCommunication Communication and Effective Communication Khaled Nashaat Mamdouh HROB 501- M9- ID: 7-3691 Dr. Ahmed Amin January, 21st, 2007 A. INTRODUCTION Determining or figuring out the level of importance of communication in any organization or even between people in their daily lives is fairly impractical. No one can ever resolve the significance of communication because it is such a gigantic topic with many different definitions and understandings. Also communication and gainingRead MoreCommunication : An Effective Communication1318 Words   |  6 Pages1 Communication Communication remains a critical aspect of everyday life of all people across the globe, be it in the workplace, family meetings, business activity, or any other initiative that requires human interaction (Varner, 2000). According to the author stated above, communication can be only effective when both parties not only understand each other but also able to comprehend the cultural backgrounds of each other. Such understanding is essential in ensuring effective communication withoutRead MoreCommunication : An Effective Communication919 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication Communication is one of the most essential tools in management, however, effective communication is difficult to achieve when you have 150 direct reports. I rely heavily on the charge nurses, however, they have varied abilities in effectively communicating information to the staff. Consequently, there is often a lack of clarity in the communication complete miscommunication to the staff via the charge nurses. Clearly one of the most efficient ways to communicate important informationRead MoreEffective Communication780 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication is the process of transferring information or thoughts to someone or a group of people by way of speaking, writing or body language. According to â€Å"Livestron.com† (2014), â€Å"Effective communication extends the concept to require that transmitted content is received and understood by someone in the way it was intended. The goals of effective communication include creating a common perception, changing behavior s and acquiring information† (para. 1). It is important that the personRead MoreEffective Communication And Communication Skills Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagestogether as a team to collaborate, delegate and consult. In order for this team effort to be effective, good communication skills must exist between medical professionals. Many times, messages can be altered and interpreted differently; if the conditions for transmission barriers develop. External barriers and internal barriers, such as confusion and mental status can hinder effective communication. Communication can be both verbal and nonverbal, and it is important to understand that different culturesRead MoreEffective Communication And The Barriers Of Communication Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy of effective communication and the barriers of communication is very important in the workplace in order for the company to be successful. Every person in the business will have to communicate in one form or anothe r. The better the communication in the workplace the better the relationships with each other. In this article I will help you to understand the processes needed in order to have effective communication in the workplace. I will discuss the importance of effective communication, the

What Is Management - 2236 Words

An essay on ‘What is Management’ Management is both art and science. It is the art of making people more effective than they would have been without you. The science is in how you do that. There are four basic pillars: plan, organize, direct, and monitor. Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organizations - business, political, cultural or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose. â€Å"Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can co-operate towards†¦show more content†¦When ever more than one person is engaged in working for a common goal, management is necessary. Whether it is a small business firm which may be engaged in trading or a large firm like Tata Iron amp; Steel, management is required everywhere irrespective of size or type of activity. 5. Management is a Group Activity: Management is very much less concerned with individual’s efforts. It is more concerned with groups. It involves the use of group effort to achieve predet ermined goal of management of ABC amp; Co. is good refers to a group of persons managing the enterprise. The main objectives of management are: 1. Getting Maximum Results with Minimum Efforts - The main objective of management is to secure maximum outputs with minimum efforts amp; resources. Management is basically concerned with thinking amp; utilizing human, material amp; financial resources in such a manner that would result in best combination. This combination results in reduction of various costs. 2. Increasing the Efficiency of factors of Production - Through proper utilization of various factors of production, their efficiency can be increased to a great extent which can be obtained by reducing spoilage, wastages and breakage of all kinds, this in turn leads to saving of time, effort and money which is essential for the growth amp; prosperity of the enterprise. 3. Maximum Prosperity for Employer amp; Employees - Management ensures smooth and coordinatedShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Management2223 Words   |  9 PagesAn essay on ‘What is Management’ Management is both art and science. It is the art of making people more effective than they would have been without you. The science is in how you do that. There are four basic pillars: plan, organize, direct, and monitor. Management  is a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organizations - business, political, cultural or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towardsRead MoreWhat Management Is3760 Words   |  16 PagesWhat Management Is Question 1 An ‘External Orientation’ rather than an ‘Inward Focus’ is useful in understanding the concept of value. Describe ‘Value Creation’ from the context of Low-Cost Airlines (No-Frill airlines). Compare it with how the Indian Railways creates value. Answer 1 Value creation is a term which cannot be defined / quantified specifically and measured accurately or attributed a particular definition. It has a distinct and broad view and originates from the customers point ofRead MoreWhat Management Is3774 Words   |  16 PagesWhat Management Is Question 1 An ‘External Orientation’ rather than an ‘Inward Focus’ is useful in understanding the concept of value. Describe ‘Value Creation’ from the context of Low-Cost Airlines (No-Frill airlines). Compare it with how the Indian Railways creates value. Answer 1 Value creation is a term which cannot be defined / quantified specifically and measured accurately or attributed a particular definition. It has a distinct and broad view and originates from the customers point of viewRead MoreWhat Is Business Management? Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesDefining the Discipline What is Business Management? Studying for a business and management studies degree allows us to develop a broad understanding of business organizations and provides us with subject-specific knowledge in areas such as marketing, customers, finance, operations, communication, information technology, business policies and strategies. What Jobs can you receive with a degree in Business Management? The business field has many choices because there are different types of businessesRead MoreWhat is Management? Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesEssay 1: What is Management? The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role and function of management in society and the workforce and to look into how it is implemented. Three main questions will be discussed, outlining, †What is management? aWhat do managers do? And what skills do managers need?† We will define management as a profession, look into what managers undertake and deliver in their daily output of work, different levels of management, and what skills managers need in order to produceRead MoreWhat Is Operations Management?1534 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Operations Management? Operations Management is defined as how we deal with the design and management of products, processes, services and supply chains. It considers the acquisition, development, and utilization of resources that organizations need to deliver the goods and services their clients want. All of these steps are part of the strategic, tactical and operational levels. The strategic piece includes areas such as determining the size and location of manufacturing plants, decidingRead MoreWhat is Management in an Organization?900 Words   |  4 PagesManagement is important because it is important aspect of the success and achievement of an organization’s goals through a group of people. A skilled manager is not only capable of handling administrative activities, but is able to connect with and inspire their teammates in times of prosperity and times of change. In this essay, I begin by looking at the theoretical aspects of management and how it is a product of the relevant time period, before going into my own personality and background, andRead MoreWhat Is Performance Management?1203 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is performance management? After going through a process of developing and determining the mission, vision and values of an organisation, a strategy document is developed. In this document processes and systems are put in place to ensure that the company is on track. Every so often, usually annually, a review of the company’s performance is taken into account. This review encapsulates the performance of systems and the people operating within the systems. Performance management is a processRead MoreWhat Is Strategic Management1189 Words   |  5 PagesAnswer Strategic Management can be defined as the art and science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decision that enables an organization to achieve its objectives. As this definition implies, strategies management focuses on integrating management, marketing, finance/accounting, production/operations, research and development, and computer information systems to achieve organizational success but strategy must be closely aligned with purpose. 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Act III Scene II Consider the dramatic significance of this episode in the play Free Essays

As an audience, we can foresee the sinister turn of events which will be marked by the appearance of Don John in the latter part of this scene. Having earlier witnessed the deceitful and slanderous plot conjured up between he and Borachio during their discussion, implementation of the plan seems imminent. And yet the descent from the comedy of Benedick trying to pass off his love-sickness as toothache to the threatened tragedy of Hero’s slander is perhaps far more rapid than we might have anticipated. We will write a custom essay sample on Act III Scene II Consider the dramatic significance of this episode in the play or any similar topic only for you Order Now The earlier jovial mockery of Benedick by Don Pedro, Leonato and Claudio provides a striking contrast with the underlying malice of the deliberately ambiguous and disparaging remarks from Don John. Yet such ambiguity seduces Claudio and Don Pedro in a remarkably similar way to the double meanings and innuendo which deceived Benedick earlier on. Don John demonstrates an ability to manipulate his language in a successful bid to influence and target the weaknesses of his audience; that is, Claudio and Don Pedro. He has a shrewd understanding of the court and his insinuations about Hero play upon the tensions within it relating to honour and status. Don John opens with a customary courteous greeting before baiting both men with his declaration that he has something of interest to reveal concerning them both: ‘If your leisure served, I would speak with you / yet Count Claudio may hear; for what I would speak of concerns him.’ ‘I know not that, when he knows what I know’. With their curiosity secured, Don Pedro conveys a rather convoluted proclamation of regret and remorse for the bad news he is about to impart, ‘You may think I love you not: let that appear hereafter†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and when combined with his fallacious self-deprecation, we observe further his dexterity as their sympathy and trust is won. As he continues with his tacit allegations, Don John uses a loose and undefined disparagement ‘disloyal’ which would imply a certain reluctance to accuse Hero, yet his following remark; ‘The word is too good to paint out her wickedness’ incites the other men to affix their own condemnation of her. A dramatic irony here ensures the audience’s perception of this as a further ruse whilst for the seemingly naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and gullible Claudio and Don John, it makes the hurried offer of immediate visual evidence irresistible; ‘Go but with me tonight, you shall see her chamber-window entered’, a crude vaginal symbol is used to further offend the newly enamoured Claudio, who in his youthful inexperience has believed in his betrothed’s virginity. Their melodramatic exclamations in response to this, one after another, serve to indicate ironically how they, who tricked Benedick, have been no less suddenly transformed. Claudio asks rhetorically ‘May this be so?’ and vows if it is, ‘†¦should not marry her tomorrow in the congregation, where I should wed, there I will shame her’. The marked use of sibilants serves to emphasise his fury, suggesting suspicion and fear to be the other side of Claudio’s idealisation and the aggressive denunciation may arise from a personal insecurity urging him to make such a pledge. In Messina sexual relations are complicated by conventions and illusions, Claudio has already tried and found Hero guilty before even witnessing the evidence. Such a rash conviction is reminiscent of his earlier behaviour during the masked ball in Act II Scene I which gave us foresight of Claudio’s impulsive and fickle characteristics, a man so easily influenced by the ‘hearsay’ from Don John and his own irrationality and mistrust in women. Though it is easy to criticise and condemn Claudio for such tenuous judgements, one must not disregard Messina’a patriarchal society and the sense of superiority to women which regulated masculine loyalties. Such loyalty is evident in Don Pedro, who; when informed of Hero’s alleged infidelity, endorses Claudio’s vengeance by offering to ‘join with thee to disgrace her’. Such is Don Pedro’s influence and arrogance that Claudio offers to accompany his departure from Messina on the wedding day. We must now question Don Pedro’s willingness to join Claudio’s slandering of Hero which not only seems cowardly but most absurd having himself been the ‘accused’ by the same source of indictment – his rebel brother, the bastard Don John. Whilst for an audience of the twenty-first century this continued credulous behaviour might seem somewhat contrived, we must consider that Don John, a melodramatically sketched, stereotypical villain, serves a thematic and narrative function. His role is principally to expose the flaws within others, namely his brother Don Pedro and Claudio and highlight the shared immorality in his companions Conrade and Borachio as well as present themes of slander, noting, jealousy, honour, illusion and reality. Since the major complication of the play arises from Claudio’s denunciation of Hero on the basis of Don John’s trickery, and in fact therefore ‘nothing’ at all, the use of such a villain as a dramatic device is crucial. Whilst only a brief episode in the play; the significance of the latter part of this scene is paramount to future events. The timing of the episode is most significant as Shakespeare distinguishes misunderstanding and misreport from deliberate and malicious deceit. We prepare ourselves for a potentially tragic consequence yet with the benefit of dramatic irony, remain optimistic that as the title suggests, this will again prove to be ‘much ado about nothing’. How to cite Act III Scene II Consider the dramatic significance of this episode in the play, Papers

Segmenting Consumer Decision Making Styles -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Segmenting Consumer Decision Making Styles? Answer: Introduction Commonwealth is an Australian bank having business across US, UK, New Zealand, Fiji and Asia. The bank is one of the recognised brands in Australia. It was established in 1911. The headquarter is situated in Sydney. It is a leading provider of financial services. The bank provides financial services such as funds management, institutional and retail banking, superannuation, investment, insurance, and share broking products (Abeza, OReilly Seguin, 2017). Commonwealth bank listed on the Australian stock exchange in 1991 and is the largest Australian listed company as of 2015. Product/ Market orientation The Commonwealth Bank offers a huge variety of products and services to customers such as saving accounts, credit accounts, transaction and loans. The bank has a large network of ATMs. It also offers services to people who are planning to shift to Australia. The business banking products offered by bank are: Business accounts: The accounts available by the bank include Business transaction account, Premium business cheque account, Farm management deposit account and business online saver. Business credit cards: The Commonwealth Bank has a large variety of credit cards designed for businesses, Platinum credit card, Interest free rate card, Low rate card and the Business awards. The Platinum credit card allows a business to earn 3 flyer points for every dollar spends on the purchases such as supermarkets, petrol stations and departmental stores. The bank offers corporate credit card especially for large companies (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Business loans: The bank offers loans for reinvestment and expanding business, as per the suitability of business. The range of loans include Better business loan, Bill facility, Business overdraft, Market rate loan, CommSec margin loan and Business line of credit. The bank also offers loan for car equipment and finance, credit cards and bank guarantees (Jrvinen Karjaluoto, 2015). Merchant services: The merchant services are used by the business to accept payments through EFTPOS machines. The bank offers range of portable payment processing machines such as Leo, Albert and Emmy. The bank also offers 24X7 support service. Asset finance: The bank makes available car and equipment finance with payment plans. These are designed according to suitability of cash flow of business. A business can choose equipment finance, car finance, medical equipment finance and technology equipment finance (Bianchi Mathews, 2016). Investments: The bank offers short, medium and long term investments which helps a business to cover cash flow shortfalls and to expand business. These investments have great role in building wealth for future. International money management: A huge range of services is offered by the bank to deal with international business transactions, like products for importers and exporters and international payment solutions. Insurance: The business insurance products are available by the Commonwealth bank. It includes life insurance, wholesale life insurance, business overheads cover, vehicle insurance and income protection packages (Levy Cohen, 2016). Superannuation: The bank creates super solutions as per the need of business and has also options of employer superannuation and self-managed super fund. The products include self-managed super fund, essential super and first choice employer super fund. Value proposition and differentiation Value proposition is what a business does and how well is performed. Value proposition is a statement used by bank to explain how their product solves problem of customers and why a customer should buy product or service (Arnett Wittmann, 2014). Value proposition is a chance to engage with customers. Integrity: The commonwealth bank believes in integrity. It is the most important value proposition of bank. Integrity means saying and doing what is right for customers, people, community and shareholders. Collaboration: The bank believes in working as one team. The bank has a strong record in delivering value to customers and shareholders. It has more than 52,000 employees working as a team. Excellence: Commonwealth bank believes in excellence which means doing best. It is not about only having mind set. The bank is constantly trying to do best and deliver world class service. Accountability: The value proposition of bank is accountability means taking ownership. The bank follows and delivers to customers what was promised to them (Rezaei, 2015). Service to clients: Service is the most important value proposition of bank which means to help customers. It makes bank leading financial service provider. The bank helps customers to attain their goals and to meet their needs. Service to support community: The bank has been helping communities of Australia to develop and grow. The company is engaged in supporting communities to make a real difference. Digital experience differentiates the Commonwealth bank. The primary way of consumers interaction with banks is digital channels. Two third of customers transacts through internet banking. Digital experience has a great role in determining how consumers feel about banks. The consumers rated the bank as providing best digital experience. The bank makes continual investment in the features of online banking application and services. It is identified that customers who use online banking hold most value for the bank. It encourages customers to choose products in both present and future. The bank is the first to introduce lock, block and limit facility for credit card customers. It allows customers to track and control spending online. The credit card reward points also differentiate from other banks (McDonald Wilson, 2016). The customers need 2 of the banks award to get one flyer point. The bank also launched Australias first card less cash service which enables customers to use smart phone application to withdraw cash without card at banks ATM. Customers need, want and demand Meeting customer needs means increasing capacity of banks. The need and want of customers can be determined as: Digital channels: A large percentage of customers rely on digital channels than physical branch. The bank needs to focus more on building improved digital experience. The customers are more segmented and complicated. Personal banking needs to know customers and understand what kind of product or service they are looking for. Digital channels not only provide facility to customers but it boosts up the sales of bank also. The customers came to know about additional services given by bank. Digital channels are helpful in cross selling (Leite Azevedo, 2017). Responsive customer service: Service quality is necessary as it is the important reason customers switch to other banks. The bank needs to be transparent and quick to solve problem of customers. The poor customer service is the primary reason of leaving banks. The reason was their issue was not solved in first contact with bank. The responsive customer service not only helps to win customers but attains existing ones. The customers can interact more via digital channels, it helps banks to better understand need of customers. These channels increase retention by giving extra offer on products. Financial technology: Financial technology is the new technology expected by customers which aims to compete with traditional methods to deliver financial services. It enhances core banking value. Financial technology includes the use of phones for mobile banking and investing services (Patti, et. al.2017). This technology is used to replace existing financial banks. It is useful for customers, as they do not need to carry cash as it is electronic mode of payment. Loans at low interest: After deciding the type of loan, the customers focus on the rate of interest charged by bank. The majority of customers like to take loans at low rate of interest. So, the customers take loan only after comparing interest rate of banks. The customers automatically shift to the banks who charge low rate of interest. The Commonwealth bank provides home loans, commonwealth portfolio loan, personal loans, business loans and more. The bank also provides loans at variable and fixed rate. Fair rates and fees: the customers expect fair rates and fees from banks. The banks do not pay dividend to external shareholders, so banks are supposed to deliver better value to customers. The banks balance the rates paid to depositors and the rate charged from borrowers so that fair rate and fees can be charged from customers (Katsikeas, et. al.2016). Expectation of customers More personalisation: Customers want bank to put information and products, they are in need. Nearly 50% of customers will change the bank, if they do not find the products wanted by them. The toll free number should be displayed on website, to provide them 24X7 help. So, at the end of the day, the staff should take a look at customer requests and questions. More options: The customers like to interact with bank via many options other than physical branch like digital and social media. The phone is the most preferred tool and apps are the most suitable tool. In the recent years, the use of web, online communities and chats has increased subsequently. Constant contact: The majority of customers expect follow up efforts to fill their experience. It benefits an organisation on large extend. Keeping in touch with customers helps to reduce costs and increase revenues as well. It provides sufficient information to customers at right time (Chng, et. al.2015). Listen closely, respond quickly: The banks need to respond to feedback of customers. To act on it to makes customers experience better. Real-time online surveys provide the quick response to customers. Factors influencing buying behaviour Purchasing power: The purchasing power of consumer plays important role in influencing buying behaviour. The consumers analyses the purchasing power before making a decision to buy banking products and services. Segmentation is done in banking on the basis of need and income of consumers (Lusch Vargo, 2014). Like a person earning higher income, like to invest in fixed deposits. Personal preferences: At personal level consumer behaviour is influenced by the need of customers. Their need decides the demand for a product. The type of loan also depends on the requirement of a person such as personal loan, home loan, business loans, portfolio loans etc. The customers preferences keep on changing depending on their requirements. Economic conditions: Buying banking products are also influenced by the economic conditions prevailing in the market like buying life and health insurances to see ailing condition of population in economy (Tarka, 2017). The growth of share market also influences buying behaviour and leads a person to invest in shares and mutual funds. Marketing campaigns: Advertisement has a great role in persuading purchasing decisions made by customers. It even brings a great shift in market shares of banks (Rcker, Homburg Vomberg, 2016). The marketing campaign done by banks influences purchasing decision of consumers to a large extend that they may prefer other bank. Group influence: It also affects the buying behaviour of customers. The primary group which influences customers are classmates, family members and relatives. The secondary group includes neighbours and colleagues, like taking insurance policy. They tell the benefits of taking insurance to influential person. It may convert the lead to perspective. Nature and level of competition New market entrants results in high degree of competition. The customers have many options in Australia to meet their financial needs such as major banks of the country, regional banks, credit unions, non-bank lenders and non-financial consumer brands. The comparison available on online sites makes easy for customers to compare products of different banks (Cross, Belich Rudelius, 2015). The National Consumer Credit Protection Act, 2009 has made it compulsory to provide necessary key facts sheet and information to customers applying for credit card or home loan. Deposits: The numbers of deposit taking institutions are increasing in Australia as APRA lowers licensing difficulties. The country has 152 authorised institutions out of which 108 are approved to take household deposits. The banks which held household deposits are increased by 43% from 2012 to 2017. Since the introduction of Basel III, the banks have started focussing on competing for domestic deposits and term deposits. The banks have concentrated more on source of funding (Bianchi Andrews, 2015). Payment credit cards and personal credit: The competition has increased for payments as franchises compete in the financial system such as AliPay, Apple, PayPal and FinTech companies. For instance Apple launched a virtual Apple Pay prepaid credit card which accepts Apple payment and it can also send peer to peer payments via Apples iMessage service (Babin Zikmund, 2015). There is increase in number of service particularly in credit cards. In Australia, there are 100 credit card brands offers 250 credit card products. Mortgages: Australia has intense competition in the mortgage market, refinance made up 36% of the volume of housing finance commitments. The mortgage brokers facilitate competition. The Australian Finance group has 2,875 brokers who have right to use more than 3400 products. More than 16000 residential brokers are active in the industry; The value of mortgages has also increased from 47.7% in 2012 to 54.3% in 2015. The consumers are taking turn towards non-bank lenders because of the increasing growth in the less regulated banking sector for mortgages. Corporate and institutional banking: The entry of international banks and Asian banks has made competition intense in the corporate and institutional lending market of the country. It has led to significant liquidity in the market. Institutional investors are also an option for borrowers where they are seeking longer tenancy. It combined with growing capital costs of Australias major banks and resulting in great price competition for Australian banks (Lantos, 2015). It has subsequently reduced the market share of corporate and institutional banking segment. New entrants to the Australian market in recent years: The FinTech industry of Australia has record investment of $656 million in 2016. It is seen because of the less competition in the financial system has encouraged new entrants. The Sydney based FinTechs has also increased five times more in 2017 than 2014. In the recent years, Australian banks have also united with the new market applicants (Bellin, 2017). It provides talent and innovative ideas. The banks that are established offer mature process and access to distribution channels. Conclusion From this report it has been concluded that Commonwealth bank is one of the leading bank of Australia. The product of the bank has quite different features than other banks. The companys value proposition has been explained. The bank differentiates by digital channels, banking app and the Lock, block and limit facility for credit card holders. The market campaign, economic conditions and personal preference influence buying behaviour of customers. The competition is constantly growing in the market of Australia. The new entrants shape the market for banking services. The important part of competition in Australia is that it has not compromised financial system stability. References Abeza, G., OReilly, N., Seguin, B. (2017). Social Media in Relationship Marketing: The Perspective of Professional Sport Managers in the MLB, NBA, NFL, and NHL.Communication Sport, 2167479517740343. Arnett, D. B., Wittmann, C. M. (2014). Improving marketing success: The role of tacit knowledge exchange between sales and marketing.Journal of Business Research,67(3), 324-331. Babin, B. J., Zikmund, W. G. (2015).Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Bellin, H. (2017). A Useful Toolbox for Marketing Channel Managers.Journal of Marketing Channels,24(3-4), 204-207. Bianchi, C., Andrews, L. (2015). Investigating marketing managers' perspectives on social media in Chile.Journal of Business Research,68(12), 2552-2559. Bianchi, C., Mathews, S. (2016). Internet marketing and export market growth in Chile.Journal of Business Research,69(2), 426-434. Chng, D. H. M., Shih, E., Rodgers, M. S., Song, X. B. (2015). Managers marketing strategy decision making during performance decline and the moderating influence of incentive pay.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(5), 629-647. Cross, J. C., Belich, T. J., Rudelius, W. (2015). How marketing managers use market segmentation: An exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer, Cham. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Jrvinen, J., Karjaluoto, H. (2015). The use of Web analytics for digital marketing performance measurement.Industrial Marketing Management,50, 117-127. Katsikeas, C. S., Morgan, N. A., Leonidou, L. C., Hult, G. T. M. (2016, March). Assessing performance outcomes in marketing. American Marketing Association. Lantos, G. P. (2015).Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Leite, R. A., Azevedo, A. (2017). The Role of Digital Marketing: A perspective from Porto Hotels Managers.International Journal of Marketing, Communication and New Media, (2). Levy, T., Cohen, E. (2016). Success marketing factors for boutique wineries: Perception of wine store managers. Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L. (2014).The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. McDonald, M., Wilson, H. (2016).Marketing Plans: How to prepare them, how to profit from them. John Wiley Sons. Patti, C. H., Hartley, S. W., van Dessel, M. M., Baack, D. W. (2017). Improving integrated marketing communications practices: a comparison of objectives and results.Journal of Marketing communications,23(4), 351-370. Rezaei, S. (2015). Segmenting consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) toward marketing practice: A partial least squares (PLS) path modeling approach.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 1-15. Rcker, L., Homburg, C., Vomberg, A. (2016). Which Characteristics Make a Difference? Comparing Successful Managers in Marketing and Sales. Tarka, P. (2017). Managers beliefs about marketing research and information use in decisions in context of the bounded-rationality theory.Management Decision,55(5).

Background of the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921

Background of the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921, informally called the Maternity Act, was the first federal law to provide significant funding to help people in need. The purpose of the Act was to reduce maternal and infant mortality. The legislation was supported by progressives, social reformers, and feminists including Grace Abbott and Julia Lathrop.  It was part of a larger movement called scientific mothering- applying scientific principles and to the care of infants and children, and educating mothers, especially those who were poor or less educated. Historical Context At the time the legislation was introduced, childbirth remained the second leading cause of death for women. About 20% of children in the United States died in their first year and about 33% in their first five years. Family income was an important factor in these mortality rates, and the Sheppard-Towner Act was designed to encourage states to develop programs to serve women at lower income levels. The Sheppard-Towner Act provided for federal matching funds for such programs as: Health clinics for women and children, hiring physicians and nurses to educate and care for pregnant women and mothers and their childrenVisiting nurses to educate and care for pregnant and new mothersMidwife trainingDistribution of nutrition and hygiene information Support and Opposition Julia Lathrop.of the U.S. Childrens Bureau drafted the language of the act, and Jeannette Rankin introduced it into Congress in 1919. Rankin was no longer in the Congress when the Sheppard-Towner Act passed in 1921. Two similar Senate bills were introduced by Morris Sheppard and Horace Mann Towner. President Warren G. Harding supported the Sheppard-Towner Act, as did many in the progressive movement. The bill first passed in the Senate, then passed the House on November 19, 1921, by a vote of 279 to 39.  It became law after it was signed by President Harding. Rankin attended the House debate on the bill, watching from the gallery.  The only woman in Congress at the time, Oklahomas Representative Alice Mary Robertson, opposed the bill. Groups including the American Medical Association (AMA) and its Section on Pediatrics labeled the program socialistic and opposed its passage and opposed its funding in subsequent years.  Critics also opposed the law based on states rights and community autonomy, and as a violation of the privacy of the parent-child relationship. Not only did political reformers, mainly women, and allied male physicians, have to fight for the passage of the bill at the federal level, they also then had to take the fight to the states to get matching funds passed.   Supreme Court Challenge The Sheppard-Towner bill was unsuccessfully challenged in the Supreme Court in  Frothingham V. Mellon And Massachusetts V. Mellon  (1923), The Supreme Court unanimously dismissed the cases, because no state was required to accept the matching funds and no injury could be demonstrated. End of Sheppard-Towner By 1929, the political climate had changed sufficiently that the funding for the Sheppard-Towner Act was ended, with pressure from opposition groups including the AMA likely the major reason for the defunding. The Pediatric Section of the American Medical Association actually supported a renewal of the Sheppard-Towner Act in 1929, while the AMA House of Delegates overrode their support to oppose the bill.  This led to the walkout from the AMA of many of the pediatricians, mostly male, and the forming of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Social and Historical Significance The Sheppard-Towner Act was significant in American legal history because it was the first federally-funded social welfare program, and because the challenge to the Supreme Court failed. The Sheppard-Towner Act is significant in womens history because it addressed the needs of women and children directly at a federal level. It is also significant for the role of women activists including Jeannette Rankin, Julia Lathrop, and Grace Abbott, who considered it part of the womens rights agenda beyond winning the vote for women. The League of Women Voters and the General Federation of Womens Clubs worked for its passage. It shows one of the ways that the womens rights movement continued to work after the right of suffrage was won in 1920. The significance of the Sheppard-Towner Act in progressive and public health history is in demonstrating that education and preventive care provided through state and local agencies could have a significant effect on maternal and child mortality rates.

bloody bill essays

bloody bill essays William Bloody Bill Anderson and his Bushwhackers The Kansas/Missouri border wars resulted in some of the bloodiest and violent conflicts prior to and during the Civil War. These conflicts started far before the beginning of the Civil War with the signing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which entitled the citizens living in Kansas to determine whether or not they would come into the Union as a slave state or a free state. This decision led to a land rush of people who were bitterly opposed in ideals and moralities which eventually led to many small skirmishes and battles that would foreshadow on a smaller scale the carnage and tragedy of the Civil War. Among one of the families to move into Kansas from Missouri was the Andersons, and most notably William Bloody Bill Anderson. He would later become one of the most notorious men in the U.S. when he and his Bushwhackers would commit the horrific atrocity The Centralia Massacre and win lopsidedly The Centralia War. William Anderson was born in February 1840, he and his family moved from Randal County, Missouri to Council Groves, Kansas when he was 14, William moved with his brother, three sisters, mother and father. His brother and father gained notoriety quickly as horse-thieves and bandits, with William following in there foots steps. Bill served in the Missouri State Guard for some time up until their withdrawal from Lexington, at this time he returned home. In March 1862, Bill was drawn into the Border War when his father, an outspoken Southern sympathizer, was shot to death by a Union supporter, either for horse-theft, or for simply having pro-slavery views. Whatever the reason William was forced to leave Kansas by his Union supporting neighbors, and soon he had gathered together his own band Missouri partisan fighters and was bent on revenge for the death of his father and later his sister I have chosen guerrilla warfare to ...

Environmental Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Environmental Law - Essay Example In particular Judge Weeramantry discussed environmental issues relative to the threat and use of nuclear weapons. Judge Weeramentry specifically noted that the use of nuclear weapons â€Å"endangers the human environment in a manner which threatens the entirety of life on the planet†.3 Judge Weeramentry went on to state that although there was no binding international law relative to the use and threat of nuclear weapons, based on its destructive nature and the threat to human life, health and the environment in general, there was sufficient basis in international laws particularly humanitarian laws to outlaw the use and the threat of the use of nuclear weapons.4 The main contributions of the ICJ in terms of international environmental law is divided into the Corfu Channel case and the Nuclear Tests case and the Barcelona Traction case. These cases essentially establish the international law with respect to transborder environmental damages and the introduction of the doctrine of erga omnes. In this regard, the ICJ held in the Barcelona Traction case: An essential distinction should be drawn between the obligation of a state towards the international community

Discuss whether or not plea bargaining should be abolished Essay

Discuss whether or not plea bargaining should be abolished - Essay Example However, this fact can not be ignored that plea bargaining is an essential component of the justice system because it allows the trial convictions, to be more thoroughly considered when the judges are not under the pressure of too many cases. Plea bargaining reduces the number of cases that would otherwise go for trial conviction to less than half, thus improving the efficiency of the trial conviction cases. Without the facility of plea bargaining, the whole justice system is likely to collapse under the immense and unbearable work load. If the option of plea bargaining is eliminated, this would overcrowd the courts and the attention will have to be focused also on futile and pointless cases along with potentially strong and complicated cases that genuinely require trial convictions. Every day, thousands of cases of petty crimes are taken to the court, and if each and every case was given the highest consideration, the idea of a functional justice system would become unapproachable. Therefore, it is important to have a system in place that would cater for crimes of petty nature, and plea bargaining sufficiently serves this purpose. Plea bargaining allow the defendants to enter into reasonable agreements in a very short period in comparison to the lengthy trials that are conventionally conducted in cases of severe crime cases.

The Situation of African Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Israel Essay

The Situation of African Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Israel - Essay Example This was the first of a series of acts that displayed Israel’s opposition to further entry.   At the end of the year, a violent dispersal of a demonstration by Sudanese asylum seekers in Egypt, in which dozens were killed, resulted into an increase of refugee entry into Israel.   The country responded by reviving and enforcing a 50’s law, the Prevention of Infiltration Law in the early part of 2006.   A wave of arrests followed shortly, putting many Sudanese asylum seekers behind bars without the benefit of a quasi-judicial review.   Since then, all those arrested under the Prevention of Infiltration have been held in the Ketsiot prison without their cases heard. Several NGO’s had petitioned the High Court of Justice to put a stop on the use of such law by Israeli authorities.   The following years saw more attempts of refugees to enter Israel via the border with Egypt. With the state’s strict enforcement of the Prevention of Infiltration Law, re fugees were systematically arrested.   Many were forcibly sent back to Egypt under a process called ‘hot return’.   The refugees only experienced worse human rights abuses in the hands of the Egyptian authorities.   Several sympathetic local governments with the help of NGOs briefly accommodated those that remained, specially the Eritreans.   However, in 2007, the Ministry of Interior implemented measures took away the rights of the refugees and asylum seekers in getting employment.   Many were still tracked for ‘hot return’ and were temporarily detained while waiting to be sent forcibly .  

Brand Placement in Bollywood Movies

Brand Placement in Bollywood Movies Do the Consumers get Sensitized towards the Brands by the Brand Placement in Bollywood Movies? Abstract The practice of product placement is seen everywhere in media across the world and is now ubiquitous. The same practice of Product placement in Bollywood is not new and the practice of placing the products in the bollywood movies is seen from the time of early 1970s. The movies produced in last ten years are seen with a lot of product placement and the practice of strategically planned product placement has grown to a major extent in Indian movies (bollywood). The practical implication of the methods of product placement is evidenced in the Indian Cinema but there is hardly any substantial evidence present for the product placement and its strategies in Bollywood. The research presents an overview of the strategies adopted by Hollywood for the product placement and consolidates the technique of product placement with the practical brand placement done in bollywood by assessment of a recently released bollywood movie ‘Blue. The brands placed in this movie are classified on the b asis of the methods of classification derived from the theories which are drawn from the literature based on Hollywood. The main objective of this research is to find out whether or not the consumers are sensitized by the practice of brand placement in bollywood, and if yes then which is the method which scores most number of recalls of brands shown in bollywood movies. The findings of this study indicate that the Indian consumers do get aware from the brands shown in the bollywood movies. The findings are based on the empirical study derived from three main methods which are used in this dissertation for the collection of data, those three methods are; Case study, semi-structured interview and questionnaire. The investigation led to the other findings as well which were indicating that the format of bollywood is very different than the format of Hollywood and brand placement can be experimented much more freely as there is another dimension of music in the bollywood movies; brand placement in the bollywood movie ‘Blue investigated as a case study provided a 100% recall on the brand ‘Kylie Minogue who was placed in a song; recalls from such placement are assumed to be long lasting as the songs are shown on satellite television generating frequent encounter. No theories or methods are found on this kind of placement as the methods are der ived from Hollywood format of which is different and does not includes songs. Dissertation concludes with providing the limitations of the research and directions for future researches. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Synopsis This chapter provides with the introduction of the subject of the research and also looks at the background of the topic in brief. This chapter throws light on why I have chosen to work on this topic and what are the aims and objectives of the research made. This chapter takes into account the summary of chapters in the content which are to be followed further down in the dissertation. 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND Indian Film Industry also popularly known as â€Å"Bollywood† is one of the biggest film making industries in the world and is the only other film making industry which can stand against Hollywood. Mishra in his work says â€Å"the massive size of Indian cinema is obvious from its statistics; eight hundred films a year shown in more than thirteen thousand predominantly urban cinemas, viewed by an average of eleven million people each day and exported to more than hundred countries.† Mishra (2002, pp.1) having considered this data which has grown to even much bigger numbers in year 2009, Indian Films have become one of the biggest instruments of mass communication. The commercial breaks on the satellite television are now avoided by the viewers as the number of channel on television have increased to huge extent which gives liberty to the viewer to flip to a channel which is more interesting and avoid the advertisement, the technology give the viewer the privilege of rec ording the programs without commercial breaks as well, factors like these has open portals for movies to become a new carrier for brand promotion. Being a mass media of this enormous magnitude, Bollywood has a lot of potential and a significant number of opportunities for In-Film planned brand placement also known as brand entertainment or brand integration (Glaiseter, 2005 ) and these opportunities are being well grabbed by the advertisers and marketers in the Indian market. In recent years a lot of research is done on Brand/Product placement in Bollywood films by marketers and advertisers so as to understand the concept and strategies of brand placement in movies. Although not many academic researches can be seen in the field of product placement in Bollywood, the practical usage of the practice of Brand Placement has grown significantly. Lehu in his work defines, â€Å"The expression ‘Product Placement or, ‘Brand Placement essentially describes the location, or more accurately, the integration of a product or a brand into a film or televised series.† Lehu (2007, pp.1) it can be understood from the work of other scholars like Kalish (1988), Gupta and (Gould 1997) Balasubramanian (1994) that brand placement is planned consolidation of brand with the elements of a feature film in return for money, service, barter, or any other kind of consideration. The research also focuses on the strategies of brand placement in Hollywood as no substa ntial academic can be found on classification of brands in the Indian cinema. The literature looks and analyzes the Tripartite typology of product placement by Russell (1998) , two dimensional approach to classify brand placement by Gupta and Lord (1998), Classification on the basic on Integration and explicitness by dAustos and Seguin (1999) and finally Shapiros (1993) classification of brand placement. 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The main aim at which the research focuses is to answer the question -â€Å"Do the consumers get sensitized towards the brands by the brands placement in bollywood moives?† Following are the main objective for this research * To know, does the Indian audience get aware of the brands shown in the movie through in-film brand placement? * Which method of brand placement leads to maximum number of recalls of brands by analyzing the data collected after conducting surveys and unstructured interviews? 1.3 KEY REASONS FOR RESEARCH The key reasons for research in this field are, not much research has been made on this field and it is a very interesting and challenging task and the field has a lot of potential for growth in future and substantial findings might prove to be an insight for marketeers and will be useful for the adoption of correct method of brand placement in future projects in Bollywood. 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY The dissertation is divided into five different chapters; Chapter one is introduction which describes in brief the research background, aims and objectives of the research, why I have chosen this research and the structure of the dissertation. Chapter two reviews the literature and most of it is drawn from Hollywood. It begins with the definitions of Branding and Brand placement; it also draws the methods in which brand placement can be done and its classification. Chapter three of this dissertation depicts the methods used for the collection of data and also draws out the limitations of this research with other issues in detail. The fourth chapter will portray the research findings from survey and unstructured interviews. Chapter five of this dissertation is the final chapter which begins with consolidation of the research objectives with the literature review and concludes the dissertation with recommendation for future researches. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Synopsis: This part of the dissertation focuses on defining the two most important terms for this dissertation which are branding and brand placement. This chapter also reviews the existing literature on brand placement and the strategies for its classification. The chapter is divided as follows; the first section of this chapter defines Branding after understanding of which the section second of the chapter looks at one of the methods of Branding or brand promotion which is Brand placement. Section three of this chapter begins with describing the strategies for brand placement and critically analyzes work from different scholars with their classification techniques in the subsections of section three. Section four and final section of this chapter portrays the instances of successful brand placement in Bollywood. As there is hardly any literature available on Indian film industry and brand placement the theories and literature retrieved for this chapter is majorly captured from American film industry. 2.1 Branding The word so commonly used, yet not correctly interpreted by a lot of people. For the establishment of brands, companies around the world spend millions of dollars and formulate new strategies and techniques to market their product, this is what the common notion and understanding of brands for a lot of people is. (Levine, 2003) in his work says that the brand is not necessarily associated with a product or an organization or a title but anything that can be identified. One of the most popular footballers David Beckham is a brand and so is Mercedes Benz. De Chernatony and McDonald in their work define Brand as â€Å"A successful brand is an identifiable product, service, person or place, augmented in such a way that the buyer or user perceives relevant, unique, sustainable added values, which match their need most likely.† De Chernatony and McDonald (2003, pp.25) Taking this definition into consideration it can be said that consumers identify a product/services with its distinc t feature, an attribute which associates product with some quality which are distinguished from the rest in one way or the other. This unique association encourages the consumers to buy the brand and give the brand an edge over the other products in the market. Thus, it can be said that a brand is a product/service with some attributes or features that helps the product/service to stand out in the market for having such distinguished attributes. A few examples of most commonly known brands all over the world can be: Coca Cola, Pepsi, Nike, Adidas, Ferrari, Mercedes Benz, Michael Schumacher, David Beckham, Omega, Rolex, etc. It took a lot for the marketers and brand promoter to first establish these brands and a huge amount of money is spent for the promotion of these brands by using different strategies and techniques. One of such techniques is Brand Placement. 2.2 Brand Placement Also commonly known as Product Placement, the term Brand Placement has been defined by many scholars like (Steortz, 1987), (Balasubramanian, 1994), (Karrh, 1998), etc. This part of the dissertation highlights the definitions of brand placement by these scholars. (Steortz ,1987) defines Brand Placement as â€Å"the inclusion of a brand name, product, package, signage, or other trademark merchandize in a motion picture, television show or a music video†, another definition of Brand Placement is contributed by (Balasubramanian, 1994) who in his work said, â€Å"a paid product message aimed at influencing movie (or television) audience via planned and unobtrusive entry of branded product into a movie (or television program)†, the definition by Balasubramanian covers the concept of integrating brands as done in the definition by (Steortz, 1987), but it also considers the aspect of paid inclusion which is ignored by Steortz. (Karrh, 1998) defines the brand placement by covering almost all the dimensions associated with it, he defines Brand Placement as â€Å"the paid inclusion of branded products or brand identifiers, through audio and/or visual means, within mass media programming†, he further explains that the brand placemen t can also be obtrusive and is done to compliment the characters image and help in setting and filling up the elements in background. The purpose of brand placement is to promote the brand but the ways in which it is done also generates a hybrid message, it merges the major features of advertising, it give the sponsors privilege of retaining the control over the content and format but also increases the credibility by not identifying the sponsors directly. (Cohen, 1988) With the definitions above it can be drawn that the Brand Placement in movies is that technique of advertising in which the Brand or the owner pays a compensation for its integration in the movie for the exchange of marketable benefit that the brands enjoy after being noticed by the audience, however, these placements are sometimes done just because the plot of the movie requires them to be placed there, this way brand placement can also be of non commercial nature. 2.3 Strategies of Placing the Brands The practice of brand placement has been there for decades, the placement of brands in american feature films can be seen since the time of late 1940s and early 1950s (DeLorme and Ried 1999) One example of such placement is legendary actor Joan Crawford sipping Jack Daniels whiskey in the film â€Å"Mildered Pierce† in year 1948. (Nebenzahl and Secunda 1993) The evidence of brand placement in Hollywood can been seen in feature films produced in late 1940s but one of the earliest evidence of product placement in Indian cinema was seen in early 1970s when Rajdhoot motorcycles brand was placed in movie Bobby featuring one of legendary Indian actor Raj Kapoor. Brand placement in feature films caught the attention of marketers and companies when the sales of Reeses Pieces candy increased by 65% in three months after the successful placement of the brand in the American film â€Å"E.T†. (Reed, 1989) The strategies that help brand placement the most in regards to its impact and effectiveness are elaborated by Russell (1998) and Gupta and Lord (1998) further on, this research looks at classification of brand placement by dAustos and Seguin (1999) and Shapiro (1993). Russells argument for techniques of brand placement is three dimensional and focuses on modality of Visual, auditory and plot connection, whereas Gupta and Lord emphasizes on two broad categories Audio-Visual and the level of prominence. The studies from both the scholars are discussed below. 2.3.1 Tripartite Typology of Product Placement According to (Russell 1998) product placement can be classified on the basis of three dimensions visual, auditory and plot connection. Visual dimension enables the placement of the brand in such a way that the product is seen on the screen and these placements on the screen can also be further classified on the basis of their appearance. The auditory dimension or the verbal dimension refers to the mention of a brand in a dialogue these placements are also called as ‘script placements and the degree of such placements varies depending on the number of times the brands were mentioned, what was the tonality in which the brands were mentioned and in what context the brand was mentioned. The Plot connection dimension indicates the magnitude of integration of brand with the plot of the story. The dissertation will now look at the literature/the findings from previous researches, which point towards the combinations or particular method amongst the three methods stated above that migh t get the maximum recalls. Russell in his work says product placement modality and its effect is now expanded to a new dimension of elaboration, the difference between visual and auditory presented information can now be distinguished by exploring the audio-visual context of product placement. The screen placement and the script placement, or the visual and the auditory type of brand placement differ from one another especially in the terms of conveying a meaning. Visual placement of brands act as props in television and movies so as to make them more real and close to the practicality and visual channel leads to the creation of context in which the story is set whereas the audio channel is the medium through which the television program is scripted, narrated and is made audible, this makes the information received through this channel more meaningful. (Russell, 2002) The reception and processing of auditory information also happens when a person is not looking and the auditory moda lity conveys semantic information through speech. (Rolandelli et al., 1991) The reception and processing of such information which is audible is higher as it also posses the basic characteristics of intrinsic alerting and intrusiveness which also are the basic characteristics of auditory modality. (Posner et al. 1976) Using brands for representation in any of the modalities brings a relativity of the same to the story and brings more meaning to the presentation and gets deeply integrated to a persons cognitive structure. (Lehnert, 1981) Such stimulus generates deeper meaning and leads to greater recalls of brands. (Craik and Lockhart, 1972) The third dimension of brand placement also called as dimension of meaning is that of Plot Connection. The magnitude of such placement depends upon the integration of brand with the plot, the higher the connection of the brand with the story, the more significant the placement of brands is. The plot connection connects the brands with the macro s tructure of the story, with which are associated important information, hence increasing the significance and role of placement. (Russell 1998) The different combinations in plot connection and modality can also be of great significance. There can only be two situations in which the combination of modality and plot connections can be established; Match and Mismatch. The combination can said to be a ‘match when the auditory method of placement is higher in use than the visual and the brand names are audible in narration and is deeply linked with the story whereas the combination can said to be a ‘mismatch when the visual method of placement of brands is higher in application than auditory in plot connection. (Russell, 2002) A good example of a matched plot connection can be the movie â€Å"Cast Away† featuring Tom Hanks who by an accident gets left alone on an abandoned island. The two brands that were integrated well with the plot were one of the biggest courier c ompanies â€Å"Fed Ex† and another was sports goods brand â€Å"Wilson† which was integrated well in the narrative structure. A good example of a mismatched plot connection can be seen in the movie Transformers and its sequel Transformers Revenge of the Fallen in which the car which is major attraction of the movie and transforms itself into a robot is manufactured by Chevrolet, here more of Visual placement is seen and the brand is hardly mentioned in the narrative structure. Mandler in his work says lesser exposed information which is less congruent in nature is more memorable as it grabs the attention of the person by provoking his/her mind to elaborate the information. (Mandler, 1982) Modality of placement is thus a very significant factor in categorizing the recalls as it persuades and influences people and also shows the significance of stimulus. 2.3.2 Two Dimensional Approach After studying Russells approach of Tripartite Typology of Product Placement this part of the dissertation will look at Gupta and Lords Two Dimensional Approach. Gupta and Lord (1998) distinguish the product placement on two major categories Mode of Presentation and Level of Prominence. Mode of presentation further classified by (Karrh et al., 2003) as: Visual only, audio only and combined audio-visual. Visual only: this kind of presentation involves visibility of signage, hallmark, billboards, logos, or any other kind of presentation that is represents the brand. The presentation or the placement is only visual with no presence of audio or gestures. One example of ‘Visual-only placement can be seen in the movie Top Gun where the lead actor Tom Cruise wears aviator model of Ray-Ban sunglasses. Although, this method has comparatively low recall rate visual-only form of product placement is one of the most common methods for brand placements and can be seen in a lot of movies. â €˜Audio-only technique of brand placement represents the brand by transmitting the message in only auditory way. (Gupta et al., 2000) The name of the brand or a tune or even a jingle closely associated with it can be added to the script and also be a part of the narration. One example of such placement can be from the movie â€Å"The Aviator† in which the lead mentions the brand â€Å"Sears† in his dialogue delivery. ‘Audio-Visual method of brand presentation represents the brand by both, the presence of brands logo, billboard, signage, product, etc. on the screen with the mention of it in the narrative of the script. One example of such can be from the movie â€Å"James Bond-Die another day† in which, with the presence of Aston Martin, the narrative include the product name which was mentioned as Aston Martin Vanquish. This method of brand placement produce more recalls as compared to both ‘Visual-only and ‘Audio-only methods of brand place ment. The other major segment drawn out by Gupta and Lord (1998) for classification of brand placement is on the basis of level of prominence. The differentiation in this segment was on the basis of prominent placement of brand from the subtle placement of brand, wherein in prominent placement of brand the product or the brand is kept in foreground and is in the prime focus, the field in which the brand is placed is not shared and the visibility of brand is prominent, example of such brand placement can be seen in the Tom Hanks starrer movie terminal, when he is in office of immigration officer while he explains him the situation of his country he refers to a bag of chips, the bag of chips shown for over 30 seconds was â€Å"Lays†. On the other hand the subtle placement of brand is normally not prominent and does not catch attention, the visual field is shared with other brands and the products are placed in the background. Subtle case of brand placement can be seen in the mo vie ‘Hangover which shows billboard of brand ‘Riviera in background while the actors are driving in a police car in Las Vegas. Although the strategy which used prominent visual brand placement with properly exposed information and auditory mention of brands name and its attributes is said to have more effectiveness than just the visual placement, but it is not clear as the results from different academics do not coincide. (Law and Barun, 2000; Sabherwal et.al,. 1994; Galician, 2004: 188-190) 2.3.3 Brand Placement on the basis of Integration and Explicitness The brand placement methods defined by Russell were three dimensional, as by Lord and Gupta were bifurcated into two major segments based on audio-visual as mode of presentation and level of prominence. dAustos and Seguin (1999) in their work classify brand placement in three different ways. 1. Implicit product placement: The placement in which the presence of product, brand or firm is a part of the program and is placed there to fulfill the requirement of the context and plays a passive role and can be seen on the screen but the product name is not formally mentioning or demonstrating the product benefits, etc. 2. Integrated Explicit product placement: An integrated brand placement is the one in which the brand, firm, product placed plays an active role, the brand is formally mentioned and the attributes of the brand are clearly demonstrated. 3. Non-Integrated Explicit product placement: In this type of placement the brand, firm or the product is not related to the contents of program and no integration can be seen, but the name of the brand is formally expressed. Such placement is often seen in the title of the movie or in the beginning or in the end of the movie and it is seen that the brands placed in this kind of placement are often sponsors. (dAustos and Seguin 1999) The classification of brand placement by dAustos and Seguin classifies brands on the basis of their integration and explicitness whereas there can be seen similarities in the classification made by Gupta and Lord (1998) and Russell (1998) as they classify the placement using similar grounds of mode of placements which are audio and visual, though the approach of Gupta and Lords classification is simpler as the modes are clearly distinguished, the difference arise when Russell base the placement with the connection to the plot and Gupta and Lord ground their classification on prominence of brands. 2.3.4 Shapiros Method Shapiro (1993) relegates product placement in four different categories which were modified to three as practitioners agreed this classification to be the most suitable compilation for conducting the research at the initial most stage as it covers the spectrum of brand placement. The classification is grouped as: 1. Implicit: In this kind of placement the brand is visible on the screen, it might be foreground or background, etc. but brand name or benefits is given no verbal reference. 2. Used in a scene: In this kind of placement, the brand is visible and is used in the scene, but no verbal reference is given to the brand. Instance of such brand placements can be seen in movies when the characters are driving in a car or using a cell phone and the logo or name or identification of car is clear. 3. Integrated Explicit product placement: This kind of placement shows the lead actor or main characters of the movie using a product while mentioning and describing the benefits or attributes of the brands or the product. The brand placement method enunciated by dAustos and Seguin were quite similar to that of Shapiros classification as both the practitioners focused at the integration and explicitness of brand to major extent but the classification from dAustos and Seguin cover the dimension in which brand is place in the beginning or in end of the movie which he calls as Non-Integrated Explicit brand placement which is not discussed by any other scholar. The classification by dAustos and Seguin is very simple and can be used to sort and categorize the placement of brands in a broader way as it covers the major aspect of placement in a well defined manner. I adopt the usage of the classification techniques of brand placement portrayed by dAustos and Seguin (1999) as it will help me to create a clear distinction in the placement of brands and will be an optimum method to put into application for my research question. 2.4 Brand Placement and Bollywood The technique of brand placement in Indian film industry also called as Bollywood is not new, one of the earliest example of the same was seen in the film Bobby in year 1973 when the lead actor Raj Kapoor was seen riding on a bike which was ‘Rajdhoot Since that time a lot of brand placement can be seen for aerated soft drinks in a lot of Indian movies, brand like ThumsUp, Gold Spot, etc were commonly visible in movies in early 1990s, also the visibility of high ended cars during that time were prominent on the screen. Branded liquor with bottles was a common sight in many movies during this phase and the most common brands placed were Black Dog, VAT69 and Black Label. Latest examples can be seen in movies like Om Shanti Om (2007) with brands placed like Tag Heuer (Implicit), Nokia (Integrated explicit), Shoppers Stop (Implicit), etc, another instance can be seen in the movie Goal (2007) with integrated explicit brand placement of Reebok and Western Union Money Transfer. More th an 54% of Indian audience is under the age of 25 which comes under the target audience slab and of most of movie makers and the advertisement companies aiming of brand placement, and according to (FICCI and Ernst Young, 2003) this generation has more propensity and access to wide range of media and entertainment than the previous generation hence creating a lot of opportunities and scope for brand placement in the Indian Film industry from both Indian film industry and brand promoters point of view. Not only the access to modes of entertainment but also because the Indian middle class has grown more flexible and receptive towards international outlook because of the risen standard of living through increase in purchasing power (Varma, 1998) which is also another factor of supporting the growth. There are not many studies done on Brand placement in Bollywood and no substantial research can be seen focusing on the recalls towards the brands from the brand placement shown in the bolly wood movies. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.0 Synopsis This chapter focuses on the importance of research methodology and explains in brief why it is necessary to draw a frame work of the research before bringing it into practical application. This chapter clearly states the aims and objectives of the research and defines the research approach undertaken. Also this chapter looks at the research methods used for this research and explains in brief the reason for their implementation as well. As almost every other research this research also is encountered with some limitations which are stated in the end of this chapter. 3.1 Research Methodology Research literally means the search for knowledge, a systematic and scientific search for relevant information and answers on a specific topic, searching new facts in any new branch of knowledge through inquiry, search and careful investigation. (Kothari, 2009) It is of very importance to detail out the research approach and the methods used, as it helps the reader to understand the research in a much convenient manner. Research plan includes the instruments of research which will lead to investigation of data (quantitative or qualitative) keeping the research question as prime consideration so as to be ascertain of the information gathered is fitting in with the requirement of the research. (Chisnall 1997) The following chapter includes all the activities concerned with the research conducted for this particular academic work and also tends to draw out research method which sets up an appropriate frame so as to fulfill the objectives and aims of the research further stated. The stru cture of this chapter is as follows * Aims and Objectives * Research philosophy * Approach * Data collection techniques * Data Analysis * Research Limitations 3.2 Aims and Objectives The main purpose of this research is to work on the concept of awareness or consciousness of brands as people watch movies. The critical issue that the research focuses at is; do the consumers get sensitized towards brands after watching Bollywood movies. The main objectives of this research are; * To know is Indian audience/Bollywoods Viewers are getting aware of brands shown in the movies through in-film brand/product placement? * If yes, then which is the most effective method of in-film Brand/product placement by analyzing the recalls? 3.3 Research Philosophy Research philosophy helps the researcher to find out the ways in which his/her research will comprehend the development of researchers knowledge. (Crossan 2003) Three of the major reasons for which the research philosophy must be taken into consideration are; a) it helps the researcher to figure out the methods he can use to design and conduct the research and to chalk down a strategy, b) it helps the researcher to evaluate the limitations of the research by putting different methodologies to test, c) it helps the researcher to explore different methods beyond his knowledge or experience. Thus researchers perception towards the development

mutlicultural education :: essays research papers

Multicultural Education: (Amer. Educators Encyclopedia) curricula designed to recognize the integrity, contributions, strengths, and viability of different cultural, language, and social groups in society. -Its about creating structures and process’s that allow for the expression of many civilizations, communities and individuals we are. -Each group has a different history of why they immigrated and their experience. US is an intellectual and fast paced country, its a melting pot, each culture combined with another makes the US what it is today - so therefore we should learn about every origin and its contributions. Questions: 1) Who is benefiting from the education? 2) How should we present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people? Hispanic Facts Dropout rates -High school drop out rates are more than double that of white students -Most dropouts are:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Male   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Above age (2 levels behind)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Low grades   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Behavioral problems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Low income families, no encouragement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Low educational attainment -Drop out to help family (Hispanic culture family = core of life). -Ethnic identities influence their self esteem and assimilation into a culture- hence not as much effort dedicated to schooling. -Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnic group in the US public schools. -2 Factors that standout out are a.) segregation b) bilingual education -1 out of 4 Americans identify themselves as black Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -In 1996 950 Hispanics received their doctorates (2nd lowest compared to Indians) 26,363 whites received it. Answers -The more ethnically integrated a school system is, the easier it will be for a teacher to develop a well rounded teaching style that would in turn benefit all students. -Teachers should attend workshops on Ethnicity and culture. -States and Federal Gov’t should either provide special funds to teach minority children in their own language (which may hurt them b/c English is a crucial element to get ahead) OR teach both English and Spanish (which is proven to higher GPA’s and credits)

Advocacy for Families and Youth

Josie is an 11-year-old bi-racial â€Å"at-risk† adolescent who lives with her single mother. Josie has a history of learning and behavioral problems in school. She attends a large suburban school and is struggling in sixth grade. Josie can be a behavioral problem in the home and community and has been referred to your agency for advocacy services. She has been asked not to return to her soccer team because of her behavior and is no longer permitted at her after school program. One day when you are talking with Josie, she reports that she has been extremely depressed and just does not care about living anymore. In paragraph format, discuss, and describe the basic theories or methodologies involved in advocacy and the role of the advocate in working with at-risk families or youth. Explain how you would advocate for Josie in both the personal and professional setting by addressing the following questions: 1.What are the key advocacy issues or risk factors impacting this case? List at least three and explain why these are key issues. Make sure to take cultural considerations into account. 2.What should be done to address the advocacy issues? List at least three solutions per issue identified. Be very specific and support your response with at least two sources. 3.Identify any roadblocks that could occur to successful advocacy for this scenario. List and explain at least three roadblocks. Support your response with at least two sources. 4.What are the key legal and ethical considerations relevant to this case? How would you address these considerations?

Post 4 Example

Post 4 Example Post 4 – Coursework Example Hitchcock s that â€Å"colorblindness†¦is voiced most strongly by white Americans†. Why do you think this is? Why is colorblindness problematic? How can colorblindness work to mask contemporary racism?In US racism is a common thing, but the problem is that people judge others on the basis of their color which is termed as colorblindness. I had never observed the issue of colorblindness in my surroundings or perhaps I had never paid attention to racism. I believed I am open minded people who never consider myths like colorblindness. However, colorblindness turned to a hot topic and everywhere people are talking about colorblindness in America on TV, news channels, print media and on the internet. As Hitchcock noted that â€Å"colorblindness, while voiced by all Americans to various degrees, but is more strongly voiced by white Americans†. Last Friday when I was out with my friends I observed a real world experience of colorblindness but had observed a totally differ ent thing as per the statement of Hitchcock. When we were enjoying coffee at a coffee shop, a black guy visited the shop and people started looking at him suspiciously including my friends. When I asked fro one of my friends who were strongly refusing himself a racist, he told me that the person is looking like African American and these people are stupid and dangerous. The guy even had not finished his coffee and left the table just because of ‘white’ American’s starring. This helped me understand that who is actually racist and who is the victim. For the first time I realized that how problematic is colorblindness because under the mask of colorblindness people specially whites are hiding their contemporary racist thoughts. In fact colorblindness is far more harmful than racism because colorblind people never think about the race of a person.

Gold Democrats Essays

Gold Democrats Essays Gold Democrats Essay Gold Democrats Essay Perhaps no other campaign has stirred the passions of Americans as the contest of 1896 did. The quadrennial struggle between Democrats and Republicans was rhetorically elevated to class warfare. Journalist William Allen White was still amazed years later at the depth of feeling that was aroused. He remembered, It was a fanaticism like the Crusades. President Grover Cleveland stood steadfastly against silver. He predicted early in 1896 that abandoning the gold standard would devastate the Democratic party. If we should be forced away from our traditional doctrine of sound and safe money, our old antagonist will take the field on the platform which we abandon, and neither the votes of reckless Democrats nor reckless Republicans will avail to stay their easy march to power. But the unemployed and the starving were not interested. Clevelands public standing was as low as Herbert Hoovers would be thirty-five years later. A former Nebraska Congressman, William Jennings Bryan, said his fellow Democrats should have the same feeling for Cleveland as toward the trainman who has opened a switch and precipitated a wreck. : Silver sentiment existed in both parties, but it was much stronger among the Democrats. The Republicans followed Clevelands scenario, putting an ever-tighter embrace on the gold standard. Former Ohio Governor William McKinley easily clinched his partys nomination, thanks largely to the organizational skills of Mark Hanna. McKinley had voted for silver legislation in Congress, but he now okayed a platform standing solidly behind gold. A small group of silver Republicans dramatically walked out of the convention. Hanna was among those angrily shouting, Go! Go! Go! as the tiny band departed. Party distinctions were blurred in the fall. The Populist party endorsed the Democratic ticket, as did silver Republicans. Gold Democrats tried to draft President Cleveland. Failing that, many joined the McKinley camp. A few supported an independent Democratic ticket headed by Illinois Senator John Palmer. Late in 1895 the other candidates began to wake up. There were two opposing forces to be feared: first, the candidacy of Thomas B. Reed, of Maine, whose brilliant intellect, sterling character, and enviable congressional record had earned for him a well-deserved and widespread popularity; and second, the bosses of the party, who were in the habit of dictating nominations by combinations among themselves whenever possible. Of the latter, the first to be considered was Thomas C. Platt, who could deliver, so he thought, the entire vote of the State of New York. His candidate was Levi P. Morton, the former Vice-President. Next in order was Matthew S. Quay, of Pennsylvania, who decided upon himself as the favorite son of his State. Senator Allison was very properly the choice of Iowa. Senator Cullom would have been glad of the support of Illinois. It was generally thought that ex-President Harrison might wish a renomination, in which case Indiana would support him. No wonder that Senator Billy Mason remarked, dryly, that nobody seemed to be for McKinley except the people. Mr. McKinley was a bimetallist, and had stood for the use of both gold and silver in the currency of the United States without inquiring too closely whether the means actually used to force silver into circulation had or had not tended to lower the standard of value. Mark Hannas personal attitude was different from that of Mr. McKinley. He was enough of a banker to realize that the business of the country was suffering far more from uncertainty about the standard of value than it was from foreign competition. Mr. Hanna as the manager of the campaign realized how much Mr. McKinleys ambiguous attitude on the currency was helping the canvass in the Western States, and he probably desired as much as McKinley did that any more precise definition of the issue should at least be postponed until after Mr. McKinleys nomination was assured. In no event would he have insisted upon any opinion of his own in respect to an important matter of public policy in antagonism to that of his candidate and friend. Mc Kinleys opinion remained unchanged until the very eve of the Convention. The currency plank, tentatively drawn by Mr. McKinley and his immediate advisers, embodied his resolution to keep the currency issue subordinate and vague. According to Mr. Foraker, Mr. J. K. Richards came to him at Cincinnati some days before the date of the meeting of the Convention, bringing with him direct from Canton some resolutions in regard to the money and the tariff questions prepared by the friends of Mr. McKinley with his approval. The currency plank as handed to Mr. Foraker began as follows:

Your choice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Your choice - Research Paper Example There have also been guidelines that have been given by other government agencies and recommendations on management and prevention of further infection of the disease. Staying health is a factor that is considered in management of the patients. In this aspect, management of the patients should include taking medication as directed. When medicine is not taken as directed, there is lowering the level of immunity that defends the body causing the level of virus in the body to go up (Wnuk, 2008).This reduces the effectiveness of medicine when they are taken. In staying healthy, one should tell the doctor if there are side effects as a result of using to help the doctor help with dealing with the side effects. Telling about the status is a management practice that should also be considered. One infected with HIV should make sure that the other partners are aware of the status. This will make them be able to take care and reduce the risk of contracting the infection. Management of this situation should involve contacting health departments who offer partner services to help the partners about the exposure. Through the services, the staff is able to find drug and sex partners to tell them the risk of being exposed to HIV and STDs. Not taking risk is a management practice that should be considered in management. HIV is spread through body fluids. The most common spread of the disease is through unprotected sex and through sharing sharp objects and other drug equipment. Viral load is important in a person living with the infection since the higher the viral infection, the higher the risk of spreading the virus. Protection aspect is important. When there are other infections that occur in a person living with the infection, there should be no taking chances. The person should get tested and treated for the infections. A person with HIV and other infections

Possession of the Pubescent Female as Represented in The Exorcist Research Paper

Possession of the Pubescent Female as Represented in The Exorcist - Research Paper Example The invasive context in which the monster in The Exorcist (1973) has manifested represents the ways in which biological changes occur without the will of an individual. Regan is not under her own control, but is controlled by forces within her body that she cannot escape. No one can control what is happening to her. The priest, a representation of the male dominant gender, has no true power over the changes that are occurring within the little girl. He is flummoxed by the changes and is impotent in stopping what is happening to her. However, the male figure is still charged with saving the girl from her own spill of identity, the demon representing the psychological and physical changes that she cannot control and will set her life on a new course in which she must navigate the newness.According to Davies, human beings are fascinated by monsters because they most often have elements of explanation that real life does not often provide. As well, the ’paradox of horror’ c an be explained in terms of the ’disowned self’, the parts of the mind that a person may not want to own or acknowledge. The monster represents â€Å"the struggle between oppressive social norms and our repressed desires†, creating a tangible link between the parts of the self that cannot be expressed and the parts of the biological development that cannot be denied (330). The identity is often complicated by physical changes and manifestations of mental desires that are beyond the direct control of the self.

Effect of Temperature on Peroxidase Activity Essay

Effect of Temperature on Peroxidase Activity - Essay Example It was found that the enzymatic activity was optimum at 37 degree Celsius and the enzyme activity decreased above that temperature thus nullifying the hypothesis that the reaction rate increases as temperature increases based on Arrhenius equation. An enzyme is defined as a protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction by lowering energy barrier, biology book. Enzymes are made up of hundred of amino acids to form peptides and these peptides binds with each other to form the active protein molecules, Biology book. Nevertheless, the enzyme has a specific three dimensional shape. A part of this shape forms the active site, where the enzyme connects or combines with the substrate. The enzymes are very specific for the substrates. They bind with the specific substrates only. This is carried out by the ligand – receptor complex. The enzyme bound to its substrate, forming enzyme- substrate complex, which became activated. While they were bound together, enzyme and substrate, the enzyme’s catalytic action converts the substrate to product of the reaction. At the end of the reaction, the product is released and the same enzyme is ready to react with other substrate. The reaction could be shown as follows: Nevertheless, Dr. Rebecca Bellone pointed out that the enzymes are affected by many external parameters such as pH and Temperature. The alteration of the active site occurs due to the change in pH and temperature. The protein gets denatured and loses its active site. Finally the enzyme activity is lost. Hence care must always be taken to maintain the enzyme at specific ph and Temperature. Furthermore, in this laboratory the enzyme that was used to accelerate the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide was peroxidase. Peroxidase is an enzyme found in all aerobic cells, which accelerate hydrolysis of toxic hydrogen peroxide. On oxidation it yields oxygen and water, as shown in the following equation: An article was reviewed about enzymes activity and